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nicko
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Asked: 2025-03-19T08:07:40+00:00 In:

Understanding Debounce in React: Best Practices for Optimizing API Calls and Form Inputs

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I’m building a React application where I need to handle user input that triggers API calls. I’ve heard about “debouncing” as a technique to optimize performance, but I’m not entirely clear on how to implement it properly in React.Here’s my current code for a search input that triggers an API call:

function SearchComponent() {
  const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState('');
  const [results, setResults] = useState([]);
  
  // This gets called on every keystroke
  const handleSearch = async (term) => {
    try {
      const response = await axios.get(`/api/search?q=${term}`);
      setResults(response.data);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Search failed:', error);
    }
  };
  
  return (
    <div>
      <input 
        type="text" 
        value={searchTerm}
        onChange={(e) => {
          setSearchTerm(e.target.value);
          handleSearch(e.target.value); // API call on every keystroke!
        }}
        placeholder="Search..."
      />
      <ul>
        {results.map(item => (
          <li key={item.id}>{item.name}</li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </div>
  );
}

I also have a form with auto-save functionality that’s causing too many API calls:

function AutoSaveForm() {
  const [formData, setFormData] = useState({
    name: '',
    email: '',
    message: ''
  });
  
  // This gets called whenever any field changes
  const saveData = async (data) => {
    try {
      await axios.post('/api/save-draft', data);
      console.log('Draft saved');
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Failed to save draft:', error);
    }
  };
  
  const handleChange = (e) => {
    const { name, value } = e.target;
    const newData = { ...formData, [name]: value };
    setFormData(newData);
    saveData(newData); // API call on every keystroke!
  };
  
  return (
    <form>
      <input name="name" value={formData.name} onChange={handleChange} />
      <input name="email" value={formData.email} onChange={handleChange} />
      <textarea name="message" value={formData.message} onChange={handleChange} />
    </form>
  );
}

How can I implement debouncing in these components to reduce unnecessary API calls? What are the best practices for debouncing in React? Are there any good libraries for this, or should I write my own debounce function?

debouncereactjs
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36 Answers

  1. joy12ful

    Debouncing is an essential technique for optimizing performance in React applications, especially when dealing with frequent events like keystrokes or scroll events. It works by delaying the execution of a function until after a specified time has passed without the event being triggered again.

    Using the useDebounce Custom Hook

    The cleanest approach is to create a custom hook:

    import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function useDebounce(value, delay) {
const [debouncedValue, setDebouncedValue] = useState(value);

useEffect(() => {
// Set a timeout to update the debounced value after the specified delay
const timer = setTimeout(() => {
setDebouncedValue(value);
}, delay);

// Clear the timeout if value changes or component unmounts
return () => {
clearTimeout(timer);
};
}, [value, delay]);

return debouncedValue;
}

    Then use it in your search component:

    function SearchComponent() {
const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState('');
const [results, setResults] = useState([]);

// The API call will only happen after the debounced value changes
const debouncedSearchTerm = useDebounce(searchTerm, 500); // 500ms delay

useEffect(() => {
// Only search if we have a search term
if (debouncedSearchTerm) {
const handleSearch = async () => {
try {
const response = await axios.get(`/api/search?q=${debouncedSearchTerm}`);
setResults(response.data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Search failed:', error);
}
};

handleSearch();
} else {
setResults([]);
}
}, [debouncedSearchTerm]);

return (
<div>
<input
type="text"
value={searchTerm}
onChange={(e) => setSearchTerm(e.target.value)}
placeholder="Search..."
/>
<ul>
{results.map(item => (
<li key={item.id}>{item.name}</li>
))}
</ul>
</div>
);
}

     

    Simpler explanation::

    Imagine you’re in an elevator with a friend. Every time someone presses a floor button, the elevator waits 3 seconds before moving, just in case someone else wants to press another button. If another button is pressed during those 3 seconds, the timer resets and waits another 3 seconds.
    That’s debouncing: waiting until activity stops before taking action.

    Real-World Examples
    1. Search box: Instead of searching after every keystroke (which would be wasteful), wait until the user stops typing for a moment.
    Window resizing: Instead of recalculating layouts 100 times while a user drags to resize a window, wait until they’ve finished resizing.
    “Save” button: If a user accidentally double-clicks a save button, debouncing ensures the save action only happens once.

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